Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Brucella that affects both animals and humans.

Medically reviewed by Dr Rehaam Ali Khan 


 The bacteria primarily lives in the reproductive systems of wild and domestic animals, such as cattle, goats, pigs, deer, elk, sheep, and bison. In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, sweating, fatigue, joint pain and even death.


Humans contract brucellosis from infected animals or from contaminated animal products like unpasteurized milk or cheese. The bacteria is spread when an infected animal excretes its waste near food sources or where humans live or work. The risk of contracting the disease increases if someone consumes undercooked meat or other products from an infected animal.


It is essential to take preventive measures to avoid infection with brucellosis. If you come into contact with any animal which may be infected, wear protective clothing and ensure you are up-to-date on vaccinations. It's also important to use pasteurized dairy products only; make sure to cook meat properly before consuming it; thoroughly clean surfaces where you prepare food; avoid contact with animal waste; and keep yourself healthy overall through proper diet and exercise.


If left untreated, brucellosis can be debilitating for people and may even result in death in severe cases. Symptoms may vary from mild to severe so it is important to seek medical advice as soon as possible if you think you have been exposed to the bacteria. Treatment involves antibiotics and should be monitored closely by your doctor as complications can arise from improper treatment. 


While it is impossible to completely eliminate the risk of contracting brucellosis, understanding the causes and prevention strategies is key in reducing exposure to this potentially life-threatening illness.